The Federal Constitution

Xilliga uu soo baxay: Waxaa la qoray 1960-kii, waxaana afti dadweyne lagu ansixiyey 1961-kii.

Nooca Nidaamka: Nidaam baarlamaani ah (Parliamentary System). Madaxweynuhu wuxuu ahaa madaxa qaranka, ra'iisul wasaaruhuna madaxa xukuumadda.

Astaanta Guud: Wuxuu dammaanad qaaday xorriyadda ra'yiga, xisbiyada badan, iyo midayntii labadii gobol ee xoroobay (Woqooyi iyo Koofur).

Period: Drafted in 1960 and approved by referendum in 1961.

System: Parliamentary system with a ceremonial president and prime minister as head of government.

Significance: Guaranteed fundamental freedoms, multi-party democracy, and the union of the two independent regions.

Xilliga uu soo baxay: Waxaa la ansixiyey 1979-kii, xilligii dawladdii Milateriga ahayd ee uu hoggaaminayay Maxamed Siyaad Barre.

Nooca Nidaamka: Nidaamka hantiwadaagga ee hal xisbi (Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed - XHKS).

Astaanta Guud: Wuxuu awoodda dalka isugu geeyay madaxweynaha iyo xisbiga talada hayay, isagoo meesha ka saaray nidaamkii xisbiyada badnaa.

Period: Adopted in 1979 under military rule.

System: Single-party socialist state (SRSP).

Significance: Centralised executive power under the president and ruling party.

Xilliga uu soo baxay: Waxaa la soo saaray dabayaaqadii 1990-kii.

Nooca Nidaamka: Isku-day dib loogu soo celinayay nidaamka xisbiyada badan iyo dimuqraadiyadda.

Astaanta Guud: Laguma guulaysan in si buuxda loogu dhaqmo, sababtoo ah dalka waxaa ka qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee riday dawladdii dhexe horraantii 1991-kii.

Period: Issued in late 1990.

System: Attempt to restore multi-party democracy.

Significance: Could not be fully implemented before the collapse of central government in 1991.

Axdigii Carta (2000): Waxaa lagu soo dhisay dawladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd (TNG) ee lagu soo unkay dalka Jabuuti.

Axdigii Mbagathi (2004): Waxaa lagu soo dhisay dawladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee federaalka (TFG) ee lagu soo sameeyay dalka Kenya, waxaana dalka loo horseeday nidaamka federaalka.

Arta Charter (2000): Established the Transitional National Government in Djibouti.

Mbagathi Charter (2004): Established the Transitional Federal Government in Kenya and paved the way for federalism.

Xilliga uu soo baxay: Waxaa ansixiyey Ergo Qaran oo ka koobnayd 822 xubnood 1-dii Agoosto 2012.

Nooca Nidaamka: Nidaam Baarlamaan Federaal ah.

Astaanta Guud: Wuxuu dalka ka saaray xilligii ku-meel-gaarka rasmiga ahaa, wuxuuna dhidibada u aasay nidaamka federaalka ee ay ku dhex jiraan Dowlad Goboleedyada dalka.

Period: Adopted on 1 August 2012 by a National Constituent Assembly of 822 delegates.

System: Federal parliamentary republic.

Significance: Ended the formal transitional period and established the federal framework including member states.

Xilliga uu soo baxay: Waxaa cod aqlabiyad leh ku ansixiyey labada aqal ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya bishii Maarso 2026.

Nooca Nidaamka: Wuxuu dalka ka saaray ku-meel-gaarnimadii in ka badan 13 sano soo jiitamaysay, iyadoo dib-u-eegis weyn lagu sameeyay cutubyada qaarkood si loo xoojiyo nidaamka dowladnimo ee rasmiga ah.

Period: Adopted by both houses of the Federal Parliament in March 2026.

System: Completes more than 13 years of provisional status with major revisions to strengthen permanent governance.